Rūznāmah-i Kashkūl (Qājār)
Rūznāmah-i Kashkūl (Qājār)
روزنامه کشکول (قاجار)
| Digital Collection Type | Newspaper |
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| Language | Persian |
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| First Year | 1325 H.Q. |
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| Last Year | 1327 H.Q. |
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| Permalink | https://www.opars.com/collection/ruznamah-i-kashkul-qajar/ |
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Sample
Rūznāmah-i Kashkūl” was founded in Tehran under the management of Majd al-Islām Kirmānī and was first published in 1325 AH (Islamic calendar). The first issue of this newspaper was printed on Saturday, the 15th of Ṣafar al-Muẓaffar 1325 AH, corresponding to March 30, 1907 AD. The newspaper was printed in four pages, using stone lithography, in a Vazīrī format. Kashkūl was a continuation of the newspaper “Nidā-yi Vaṭan”, which was also managed by Majd al-Islām Kirmānī. He founded Kashkūl to incorporate caricatures into the content. After the events in Tehran, including the suspension of newspapers following the bombing of the Parliament and the period of Minor Despotism, Majd al-Islām Kirmānī moved to Isfahan and re-launched “Kashkūl” in 1327 AH. Thus, the Kashkūl printed in Isfahan was a continuation of the Tehran version, beginning with the second year of the newspaper.
The last issue of the first year was No. 40, and the second year was completed with a few issues, after which publication resumed in Isfahan in 1327 AH. In this issue, after the opening article, which we quote below, the remaining pages contain several caricatures. One of these on page 4 depicts Bānk-i Millī (the National Bank), showing a rush of people trying to deposit money. In this caricature, various individuals are portrayed saying things like: “I gave everything I had, and now I am at ease; I fear neither thieves nor claims,” and another says, “Brother, let us deposit our money and be at peace.” A third figure says, “If depositing money is this chaotic, what will happen when we try to withdraw it?” On page 3, another caricature relates to the Public Company, with a figure driving people away saying, “Take your money and leave me alone,” to which they respond, “No, we have paid and built a road to benefit us forever.” On half of page 2, there is a drawing of two men in conversation. One says, “Bānk-i Millī is established and needs money,” while the other responds, “We gave everything to the Public Company, and the cunning ones have eaten it.” The signature of Ḥusayn ʿAlī, the caricature artist, appears on page 4. All four pages of the newspaper, and occasionally pages 2 and 3, feature caricatures. The title of the newspaper invites scholars to submit humorous, thought-provoking images that offend no one, and they will be published and illustrated. From the article, it can be inferred that “Nidā-yi Vaṭan”, managed by Majd al-Islām Kirmānī, lacked caricatures, leading to the founding of Kashkūl specifically for the inclusion of such illustrations, and its price was separate.
In the newspaper’s title, a “Kashkūl” (a kind of container) is illustrated with the phrase, “It has everything,” written on its side, and the name of the newspaper is written below. The annual subscription rate for Tehran was 8 qirān, for other provinces 1 tūmān, for Europe 5 francs, for the Caucasus and Russia 3 manats, and for India 4 rupees. The price of a single copy was 3 shāhīs. As mentioned earlier, the newspaper’s main importance was its caricatures, while the first page also included various articles and sometimes poetry. Both domestic and international news were summarized in the newspaper. Since the newspaper contained caricatures, it was printed using stone lithography. In each issue, the phrase “Sulālat al-Sādāt Āqā Sayyid Murtazā through the efforts of Āqā Mīrzā Ḥasan and Mīrzā ʿAbbās Khān” was printed. The responsibility for drawing caricatures lay with an artist named Mīrzā ʿAlī, whose signature appears in many of them. The writing in Kashkūl was done by Murtazā Najmābādī, with the phrase “Katabahu al-ʿabd Murtazā Najmābādī” appearing on some pages. Besides the editor, Majd al-Islām Kirmānī, another contributor was Ẓiyāʾ al-Lashkar, whose patriotic poems titled “Ashʿār-i Waṭaniyyah Ẓiyāʾ al-Lashkar” began appearing from issue No. 19.