Akẕ-i tamadun-i khārijī: tasāhul va tasāmuḥ, āzādī, vaṭan, millat

Akẕ-i Tamadun-i Khārijī gathers key writings of Sayyid Ḥasan Taqīʹzādah on the encounter between Iran and the modern West. Two lectures delivered at the Anjuman-i Mihragān in 1339 sh form the core of the volume, supplemented by audience questions and three additional essays. The first lecture examines how Eastern societies may selectively adopt Western material and scientific achievements without abandoning their cultural identity. The second addresses tolerance, freedom, patriotism, and national consciousness, and their practical application in the Iranian context. Three appended essays treat the spread of Western thought in Īrān and the legacy of Amīr Kabīr as an early pioneer of cautious modernisation. ʻAzīzallāh ʻAlīʹzādah contributes an analytical introduction tracing the sociological and biographical factors behind Taqīʹzādah's intellectual evolution, from his early radicalism during the Kāvah period to a more measured stance on cultural exchange between East and West.