Īrān dar ʻUsmānī: bargʹhāʼī az tajaddudʹgarāyī-i nahādī-i Īrāniyān

Īrān dar ʻUsmānī: bargʹhāʼī az tajaddudʹgarāyī-i nahādī-i Īrāniyān, edited by Ḥasan Ḥaz̤ratī and Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṣādiqī, studies Iranian political and cultural activity in the Ottoman sphere during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on documentary and historical material, the volume follows Iranian associations, schools, reformist circles and intellectual networks, especially those connected with Istanbul, and considers their role in institutional modernisation. Chapters address the formation of Iranian societies, the activities of notable organisations, patterns of migration and communication, and the interaction between Iranian reformers and Ottoman political and cultural life. The collection is valuable for the study of Qājār Iran, transnational modernity, Iranian communities abroad and the institutional history of reform, showing how ideas and organisational practices moved across borders and shaped later developments in Iran.