Īl-i Qashqāʼī dar Jang-i Jahānī-i Avval

This study reconstructs the role of the Qashqāʼī confederation of Fārs during the First World War, when the southern provinces of Īrān became an arena of contest between British forces and the Central Powers. Nāṣir Īrajī traces the historical background of the tribe and the restoration of its power under Ṣawlat al-Dawlah, then follows the shifting Qashqāʼī posture through three phases: cautious neutrality, tacit alignment with the opponents of Britain, and finally open armed resistance as Russian withdrawal and anti-British feeling reshaped the region. Central chapters examine the rise of British authority in Fārs, the South Persia Rifles, the resistance at Kāzirūn, the battle of Āq Chashmah, the siege of Shīrāz, and the revolt at Ābādah, before turning to the internal divisions that fractured tribal unity and the eventual armistice. Drawing on Persian and British sources, the work offers the first sustained account of this campaign and its place in the wider history of wartime Īrān.